Bettas are 65 species of colorful freshwater fish within the gourami family, the most well-known of which is B. splendens, referred to as the Siamese fighting fish. Though all Bettas are small, they range in size from under one inch long to about five inches long. This and the fact that they like to live alone makes them perfect for 10 gallon fish tanks.
Many species of Bettas are common but others are threatened, with three classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. An interesting aspect of Bettas is their unique labyrinth organ, which allows them to breathe atmospheric air. They are able to survive in low-oxygen water conditions like large puddles, drainage ditches, and slow-moving streams, which would kill many other kinds of fish. Bettas are classified into two groups based upon spawning behavior, mouthbrooding and bubble nests.
Eating is not high on the priority list for a Betta, so a small amount of food once per day or every other day should be sufficient. These fish enjoy freeze dried blood worms, floating flakes, frozen brine shrimp, or live black worms. Betta pellets are food specifically designed for most species of Bettas. These small, round pellets are made from crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, vitamins, phosphorus, crude ash, and moisture.
The Siamese fighting Betta features brilliant coloring and large, flowing fins. Selective breeding is responsible for these characteristics, as the natural coloration is brown and dull green and fins are quite short. Aquarium owners can find yellow, orange, green, turquoise, blue, and red varieties in fish stores. Green, blue, and turquoise fish feature iridescent shading that appears to change under different lighting conditions.
Bettas sold for aquariums usually live about two to five years. The spend a lot of time showing off, puffing out their gill covers to look more impressive when either flirting or being aggressive. Some are so aggressive that they respond to their own reflections. These fish are often territorial, finding a spot on a rock or plant and exhibiting aggression toward trespassers.
A male fish will aggressively attack and kill another male within the same territory. It is not recommended to put a male and female in the same tank because they will attack each other. This unique characteristics mean that males should live alone in 10 gallon fish tanks. Two or three females may be kept together in larger tanks featuring places to hide.
